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Monday, September 29, 2014

1901 Advent of the 20th Century

1901 Advent of the 20th Century
Sunday, January 6, 1901
Comments:

The following was written by Lillie May Stulting on Sunday, January 6, 1901, concerning the advent of the 20th Century. At the time of the writing, Lillie May was 21 years old.

...And so we have come at last to a new era -- to that wonderful twentieth century toward which the eyes of the world have so long and so hopefully been turned. Within a few weeks at most, we shall have looked our last upon the century that gave us birth and not us only, but millions of others, of whom the majority have passed away. Most likely, we shall have ceased even to remember it, for our eyes being bent on the future, we shall have but little thought to spare for the past, for in the progressing rapidly-turning modern world, in which we live and move and have our being the What-has-been counts for very little in comparison with the all-important What-is-to-be. And yet, if justice be done to this century that is passing away, what an illustrious century it has been!

Let the twentieth bring us what-so-ever wonders it may. It can scarcely surpass the achievements of which it's predecessor has been witness. A hundred years ago, the world was a very simple-minded old world indeed. It knew nothing of steam, or of gas, or of electricity. It did most of its work and took most of its pleasure by daylight, and when artificial illumination was required a farthing rush-light or a tallow dip supplied it, while torches or flambeaus served to render darkness visible in the streets. It did its cooking by wood, igniting its fires by means of a tinderbox, or the still more ancient flint and steel. And its draughty old houses were heated by huge logs, the same primitive fuel, burning on wide hearths through whose capacious chimneys one could catch glimpses of the wintry sky.

So looking forward into the century that is coming, it is difficult to conceive that it can be greater, more wonderful, than that which is passing away. The good resolutions which always figure so prominently among the New Year observances and which unfortunately are generally predestined to die of neglect while still in their infancy, will doubtless come to the fore in greater numbers than ever in this year of years. So let us not fail to take our New Year resolutions according to our wont, even though there be those who scoff at us for our manifest inability to keep them; let us take them in all honesty in all seriousness of intent, and standing firm in the determination not to let one failure or many swerve us from our purpose.

While the shops are still filled with holidays presents it is worthwhile to observe if one have the leisure, how more extravagant are the tastes of the present generation than were those of its predecessors. Twenty years ago, the average youngster thought himself lucky if his Christmas acquisitions included a modest express wagon, a train of little cars of a drum of moderate dimensions; but now-a-days these simple gifts are regarded with high disdain by all except the very smallest children -- those who are too young, indeed, to have had their powers of discrimination very much developed. The small boy of today is satisfied with nothing less costly than a gold watch and chain, a golfing outfit, a gymnasium with appliances and other expensive items; while his little sister demands a doll as big as herself with a phonograph attachment, a doll's wardrobe of the completest and costliest description; a wicker work go-cart in which the doll may take her airing; doll's furniture that is almost as expensive as real furniture; and in addition, sundry items of personal adornments for herself. As for grown-ups, their tastes in Christmas presents seem to embrace everything from a grand piano to a silken sofa pillow. Years ago, it was the custom to give dainty trifles of one's own manufacture for Christmas presents, but the times have changed since then.

The age is an extravagant one; simplicity, though ever on our lips, is practically a dead letter, so fas as our lives are concerned; and our children, as well as ourselves, have left the happy world of Sweet Illusions far behind them. It is fervently to be hoped that, among the many blessings which the dawning century is to bring us, a revivification of the every-living, but often languishing principles of Truth and Justice and Honor may be the first. When the children perceive that it is not necessary to do violence (to) one's finer instincts in order to achieve social or commercial success, they will accustom themselves readily enough to the changed conditions.

When they see that the path of integrity leads to prosperity as well as to happiness, they will need no incentive to pursue it. But no amount of oral teaching, no amount of persuasion, be it ever so eloquent, will avail to inspire them with respect for pure and holy things so long as their eyes and their intelligence convince them that honor comes not to whom honor is due, but to him who aggressively fights for it -- that social prominence is not a matter of personal worth, but of well directed wealth -- that everything under the sun, including the respect of one's fellowmen, can be bought with a price and it is not to be procured without it. It is getting so dark I can't see the lines. I'm sitting on the gallery, so good-bye.

May

Ms. Stulting was a first cousin to Caroline Maude Stulting, who was the mother of Pearl Buck.

TX Cemetery Visitation Day


The first Sundays in April and October will now be official visitation days at cemeteries large and small across Texas. Texas Cemeteries: A Bridge to the Past was approved by a resolution of both the Texas Senate (Senate Resolution No. 591 sponsored by Senator Gonzalo Barrientos) and the House of Representatives (House Resolution 1097 sponsored by the late Representative Dan Kubiak) in the 75th Legislative Session. This action was initiated and supported by Save Texas Cemeteries, Inc. Demonstrating the fullest amount of political activity allowed to STC by the law, the initial draft was done by board member Richard Scroggins.


VISITING CEMETERIES
by
Juliana Smith

With spring nearly upon us, most of us are anxious to get out of the house and enjoy the sunshine. A visit to the cemetery is a good way to enjoy the great outdoors and to discover more about our families at the same time.

While some may see us hanging around cemeteries and think us a bit ghoulish, as family historians, we know that the records and headstone inscriptions found there can be incredibly rich sources of birth and death information. Cemeteries records may include sexton's records, church burial registers, cemetery deed and plot registers, burial permits, monument (gravestone) inscriptions, and more, depending on the place and time.

Indexes can be a great starting point and helpful in pinning down what cemetery an ancestor is buried in and some have been indexed by genealogical and other historical agencies. Unfortunately, however, most cemeteries are not indexed and it will be necessary to write or visit the cemetery to obtain information. A great advantage of visiting a cemetery is that you will know exactly who is buried in the plot with the ancestor, and in adjacent plots, where you may find other family members. You may find your relative buried with his or her in-laws, cousins, or the married names of siblings.

Information on tombstones could include, maiden names, birth and death dates, relationships, town of origin, military service, and possibly religious affiliation. All of this can lead to other record sources that can further your search. Some ethnic groups even have photographs embedded in the tombstones.

It is not uncommon to find siblings that died in infancy or at a very young age buried in these plots. These siblings may have previously been unknown to you and their death records may also provide valuable information such as parents' names, towns of origin, etc.

You may also find that the grave has been maintained or is freshly decorated with flowers, possibly by another unknown or long-lost family member. If this is the case you may want to check with the cemetery office or with a caretaker to see if this visitor is known to them. Or you could leave a note in a plastic casing (to preserve it from the elements) so that other family members who visit the grave can contact you. (You will want to be careful about how much information you leave though, as you don't have any way of knowing who will run across your note.)

There are various ways to locate a place of burial for an ancestor. Death certificates will frequently contain this information, as will obituaries. Mass cards or prayer cards handed down or kept in family scrapbooks can also provide this information.

Also many local societies have compiled cemetery indexes and others may have been put up on the Internet. Interment.net is a good place to start looking for online cemetery records. You can also do a search, using your favorite search engine, for [the city, town, or county of interest] and "cemetery."

Another useful online tool for locating cemeteries is the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Name Information Server (GNIS). Just enter location information in the appropriate field(s) and choose 'cemetery' under 'Feature Type' and you will get a list of cemeteries in the area. By clicking on the cemetery of interest, you can also see a page that allows you to create a map of the area.

If you know the religious affiliation, you might try to visit local Web sites for churches in the area. The Archdiocese of Chicago has a website just for the Catholic Cemeteries in the area.

Other directories online, include:

When trying to determine which cemetery in an area a family member is buried in, you might want to do a little research into the methods of transportation that were available in the area at the time. A walk-in cemetery will typically be within a couple of miles or so of the home of the deceased. Often railroads or streetcars also made stops at cemeteries, so by locating the residence of the deceased and plotting local cemeteries on a map, taking into account religious affiliations if known, you may be able to make an educated guess as to the burial location.

Books like Graveyard Shift: A Family Historian's Guide to New York City Cemeteries, by Carolyn Inskeep are also invaluable in tracing the history of cemeteries, and in tracking old cemeteries whose burials may have been relocated.

When you visit the cemetery you will want to check with the office to see what records are available. The offices will typically contain indexes to burials and possibly maps to help locate graves. Burial records, sexton's records, cemetery deeds, plat records, burial permit records, grave opening orders, and transit records may also be held in the offices and can provide valuable information.

One word of warning--don't leave a purse or other valuables in your car when you visit cemeteries. Several local news programs here in the Chicago area issued warnings in the past weeks about thieves who were preying on visitors to cemeteries and robbing their cars while they visited graves.

If you are planning on visiting cemeteries remember to treat the headstones and markers with care. Many of these grave markers are very fragile, and even the pressure used to take a tombstone rubbing could cause damage to some stones. Do not apply shaving cream or other chemicals to the stones, as this can also cause damage. By using a mirror held at an angle or by photographing the stone at different angles, (or at different times of the day), it is often possible to make out those worn down inscriptions. I have also heard that a black light shone directly on the stone will help too. More information about tombstone care and preventing damage is available from:

The Association for Gravestone Studies
278 Main Street, Suite 207
Greenfield, Massachusetts 01301
Tel: 413-772-0836
E-mail: ags@javanet.com
http://www.gravestonestudies.org/
Please include your name and mailing address in all correspondence.

Cemetery Inscriptions:

Played Five Aces
Now Playing the Harp

from Boot Hill Cemetery, Dodge City, Kansas

Sacred to the Remains of Jonathan Thompson
A Pious Christian and Affectionate Husband
His Disconsolate Widow Continues to Carry on His Grocery Business
At the Old Stand on Main Street:
Cheapest and Best Prices in Town

Here Lies the Body Of Our Dear Anna
Done to Death By a Banana:
It Wasn't the Fruit That Dealt the Blow
But the Skin of the Thing That Laid Her Low

To the Green Memory of William Hawkins, Gardener:
Planted Here With Love and Care
by his Grieving Colleagues

For those interested in reading more epitaphs, visit The Epitaph Browser.


SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 591

WHEREAS, The great State of Texas has a rich and proud history which encompasses a variety of cultural heritages; and

WHEREAS, The many individuals who made this history, and brought about the introduction and eventual assimilation of these various cultures into our mutual heritage, were laid to rest in now historic cemeteries in communities, towns, cities, on homesteads, and in churchyards in the vast geographic area that is Texas; and

WHEREAS, Thousands of these historic Texas cemeteries, particularly those in rural areas, are located on private property whose owners have no relationship to those interred there; and

WHEREAS, These historic cemeteries are often in an imperiled condition; and

WHEREAS, Interested citizens and descendents of those buried in these historic cemeteries have the right by Texas law to visit these sites and maintain them, but are often prevented from visiting due to inaccessibility and/or inconvenience, as well as a general lack of public awareness concerning the issue of cemetery visitation; and

WHEREAS, SAVE TEXAS CEMETERIES, INCORPORATED, a non-profit corporation, chartered by the State of Texas, has undertaken as one of its stated goals to create a greater public awareness of both the historical and cultural importance of preserving historic Texas cemeteries; and

WHEREAS, An essential and inherent element of this stated goal is to provide some measure of guaranteed access to all Texas cemeteries; and

WHEREAS, A twice yearly Date of Visitation is proposed, in an effort to accomplish this goal; and

WHEREAS, These dates should be as follows: the first Sunday in April and the first Sunday in October to be observed annually; and

WHEREAS, The Texas Senate is proud to sponsor this resolution designating the above dates for the purposes of cemetery visitation; now, therefore, be it

RESOLVED, That the Senate of the State of Texas 75th Legislature, hereby designate the first Sunday in April and the first Sunday in October, as Texas Cemetery Visitation Days, hereafter to be known as Texas Cemeteries: A Bridge To The Past; and, be it further

RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be prepared as an expression of support for this most important cause, in the hope of fostering greater awareness of the rich cultural and historical legacy of Texas, especially as it exists in its thousands of historic cemeteries.


Sunday, September 28, 2014

1859 Christmas "Receipts"


Plum Pudding and Other Receipts for Christmas
From Godey's Lady's Book and Magazine, December 1859

Old English Christmas Plum Pudding — To make what is termed a pound pudding, take raisins well stoned, currants thoroughly washed, one pound each; chop a pound of suet very finely and mix with them; add a quarter of a pound of flour, or bread very finely crumbled, three ounces of sugar, one ounce and a half of grated lemon-peel, a blade of mace, half a small nutmeg, one teaspoonful of ginger, half a dozen eggs well beaten; work it well together, put it into a cloth, tie it firmly, allowing room to swell, and boil not less than five hours. It should not be suffered to stop boiling.


A Rich Christmas Pudding — One pound of raisins stoned, one pound of currants, half a pound of beef-suet, quarter of a pound of sugar, two spoonfuls of flour, three eggs, a cup of sweetmeats, and a wineglass of brandy. Mix well, and boil in a mould of eight hours.


Boiled Plum Pudding — The crumbs of a small loaf, half a pound each of sugar, currants raisins, and beef-suet shred, two ounces of candied peel, three drops of essence of lemon, three eggs, a little nutmeg, a tablespoonful of flour. Butter the mould, and boil them five hours. Serve with brandy-sauce.


A Good Christmas Pudding — One pound of flour, two pounds of suet, one pound of currants one pound of plums, eight eggs, two ounces of candied peel, almonds and mixed spice according to taste. Boil gently for seven hours.


Mince Pies — Take a pound of beef, free from skin and strings, and chop it very fine; then two pounds of suet, which likewise pick and chop; then add three pounds of currants nicely cleaned and perfectly dry, one pound and a half of apples, the peel and juice of a lemon, half a pint of sweet wine, half a nutmeg, and a few cloves and mace, with pimento in fine powder; have citron, orange, and lemon-peel ready, and put some in each of the pies when made.


Mincemeat — Six pounds of currants, three pounds of raisins stoned, three pounds of apples chopped fine, four pounds of suet, two pounds of sugar, two pounds of beef, the peel and juice of two lemons, a pint of sweet wine, a quarter of a pine of brandy, half an ounce of mixed spice. Press the whole into a deep pan when well mixed.


Pumpkin Pudding — Take one pint of pumpkin that has been stewed soft and pressed through a colander; melt in half a pint of warm milk, quarter of a pound of butter and the same quantity of sugar, stirring them well together; one pint of rich cream will be better than milk and butter; beat eight eggs very light, and add them gradually to the other ingredients alternately with the pumpkin; then stir in a wineglass of rose water and two glasses of wine mixed together, a large teaspoonful of powdered mace and cinnamon mixed, and a grated nutmeg. Having stirred the whole very hard, put it into a buttered dish, and bake it three-quarters of an hour.


Little Plum Cakes to Keep Long — Dry one pound of flour, and mix with six ounces of finely-pounded sugar; beat six ounces of butter to a cream, and add to three eggs well beaten, half a pound of currants washed and nicely dried, and the flour and sugar; beat all for some time, then dredge flour on tin plates, and drop the batter on them the size of a walnut. If properly mixed, it will be a stiff paste. Bake in a brick oven.


Twelfth Cake To two ounces of flour well sifted unite Of loaf-sugar ounces sixteen; Two pounds of fresh butter, with eighteen fine eggs, And flour pounds of currants washed clean; Eight ounces of almonds well blanched and cut small, The same weight of citron sliced; Of orange and lemon-peel candied one pound, And a gill of pale brandy uniced; A large nutmeg grated; exact half an ounce Of allspice, but only a quarter Of mace, coriander, and ginger well ground, Or pounded to dust in a mortar. An important addition is cinnamon, which Is better increased than diminished; The fourth of an ounce is sufficient. Now this May be baked four good hours till finished.


Cranberry Pudding — Boil one pint and a half of cranberries cleared of the stalks in four ounces of sugar and water, until they are broken and form a kind of jam; make up a large ball of it; cover it well with rice washed clean and dry; then round each fold a floured piece of cloth, which tie as for dumplings. Boil them one hour; sift sugar over when served, and butter in a boat.


Imperial Gingerbread — Rub six ounces of butter into three-quarters of a pound of flour; then mix six ounces of treacle with a pint of cream carefully, lest it should turn the cream; mix in a quarter of a pound of double-refined sugar, half an ounce of powdered ginger, and one ounce of caraway-seeds; stir the whole well together into a paste, cut it into shapes, and stick cut candied orange or lemon-peel on top.


Words to inspire you . . .


Prologue . . . the shadows of our yesterdays . . .

Set down in this book
are reflections of the past...
the shadows time leaves behind
of the not-so-long-ago which, too,
will fade into the misty daguerrotypes
for new generations to come.

Once upon a time,
there were years when we were young,
when our parents
and grandparents were young.

In those fifty some years
since the turn of the century,
our world has turned upside-down,
right-side-up and sideways.

And in those once-upon-a-time years,
life seems kinder than it really was...
less harsh, slower of pace...
the crudeness of living as opposed
to today's conveniences seem gentle.

Yet they were truly hard
by modern standards.

Some of us remember them
as more gracious...
some realistically,
more physically difficult.

The urgencies of today
make light their trials.

But, no matter how we try,
these days somehow
leave their silhouettes behind,
like smoke wisping up a chimney.

Time, oh, turn back,
just for today,
and make us all children again
even though we cannot stay.

Let us relive those days,
so close or hazy in our memories...
so faraway in real time.

Perhaps this family album of Americana,
not told with big national...
or international events...
or the cruelties of wars...
or famous people...
(though their names
will sometimes of necessity
influence our stories)
will rekindle our deepest recollections
through long-forgotten pictures
and fragments of experiences.

Just you and I on a journey
into the ever-ever land of yesterdays.

Your memories will be different --
but together, we may be able
to relax from today's tensions.

Sit back and reminisce...
with our own personal yesterdays.

It's Good To Remember
A nostalgic glimpse into the past
from the turn of the century to the 1950's

by
Elizabeth Taft Murphy


My Hometown
by
Craig E. Sathoff

When I return,
the main street still is filled
with pleasant faces and glad hellos,
with an atmosphere of calm,
with time for neighborly concern,
with joy in sharing another's fortune
or heartfelt words to one who mourns.

Hometown is more than just a town;
it is a way of life,
a place of peace and quiet,
and when I return,
it is as if I have never been gone;
and in my heart...I have not.


Homecoming
by
Hal Borland

More than half the pleasure of going is in the return....
To go, to see the far place,
the place beyond the horizon, is exciting;
but to return is satisfying
as few other things can ever be.

To know after absence
the familiar street and road and village and house
is to know again the satisfaction of home.

Few of us are that kind of traveler who can be at home forever away from home.
The new, the strange, and the different have their lure,
but one needs a place to call his own.

One needs to belong somewhere,
to feel the roots, however tenuous,
of identity with place.

Home, we call it,
whether it be a room or a house or an apartment,
a farm or a plot of grass
or a well-known street or park.

Home, where one can feel and touch and see
and find comfort in familiar things.

The place where one belongs.

Man, being man and an ambulatory creature
with a degree of restlessness in his blood,
must be up and gone from time to time.

He must go, if only to assure himself
that the horizon has no boundary.

He must move from here to yonder,
if only to know
that he is neither slave nor prisoner.

What are hills for, if not to have a farther side?

And what is the purpose of that distant rim of sky
if not to lure a man beyond his own small orbit?

But once one has gone, one must come back.

And that is the final satisfaction of a trip,
whether it is a vacation or just a journey
-- the return itself.

The homecoming.

The trip back, and the home at the end.

To go is good, but to come back is best.


Coming Home
by
Elisabeth Weaver Winstead

The beloved homeplace was waiting,
in tranquil, quiet welcome it stood --
Beckoning home of childhood days
at the end of the sheltering wood.

The handsome, stout, fieldstone chimney,
silent sentinel, stood proud and serene;
Solid wood of burnished oak timbers
formed sturdy walls and strong beams.

Bright sun-glow softened each doorway
and lent enchanting grace,
To time-wrapped enduring splendor
in this nostalgic place.

Swarms of honeybees gathered
where star-shine daisies sweep,
Beneath fruit-laden apple trees
whose roots stretched long and deep.

Shy squirrels ran in the woodland;
wild berries, chestnuts, and grouse
Still stayed in lavish abundance
around the sweet, cherished old house.

The matted, thick brookside grasses
in fragrant, white-flowered bouquets
Held within tall windswept thatches
mingled memories of dear, golden days.


A world of its own
The streets where we played
The friends on every corner
Were the best we ever made.

The backyards and the schoolyards
And the trees that watched us grow
The days in life when dinner time
Was all you had to know.

Whenever I think of yesterday
I close my eyes and see
That place just down the road a bit
That'll always be home to me.

by
Alan & Marilyn Bergman


Epilogue . . . the heritage of times past . . .

Yes, it's good to remember
yesterdays . . . yesteryears . . .
for actually,
most of our present lives
are ninety percent
heirlooms and memories.

Your life . . . my life . . .
is really a collection
of small but,
oh, so precious happenings
left for us and to us
by generations gone before.

Only the too proud
or the most unaware among us
can believe that everything
begins anew each day.

For everything past
reminds us that in every field --
science, industry, religion, art --
we belong to a legacy
reaching into our backgrounds
and years gone by.

The first wheel ever made
sent us to the moon;
a propitious bolt of lightening
began our use of electricity;
a dream of flying
gave us wings.

Every generation has added
little or much from the past.

Like it or not,
each of us is a trustee
of that heritage . . .
of adding something to it
or taking something from it.

Yes, it is good
to remember and reflect
on things gone by . . .
even if we heard them with a crash
or just a whisper in our hearts.

Today, a fervor of nostalgia
is sweeping the nation,
perhaps revealing
a longing for the good things
as we remember them
or the hard times
which we have half-forgotten.

Memorabilia of all sorts
in attics and antique shops,
for all the material items
that remind us
of twice-and-thrice-told tales,
are eagerly sought.

If you let him,
Grandpa, misty-eyed,
will show you
his first pocketknife and recount
the many slingshots it made
or the hearts and arrows
it carved on tree trunks.

And Grandma will rustle
into the back of the closet
to bring out the old family album
and recount
for the uncountable times,
the pictures of the way
"things used to be."

But, like it or not,
today is a different world.

So many hills have been climbed . . .
so many streams forded.

If only we can create something good
from all these
memories and experiences
of times gone by.

Today, too often we bemoan
only the cares of right now.

But we forget
that America is still here,
still very much alive and vital . . .
still the best place on earth to live.

And who among us can know
which times were better or worse . . .
yours or mine or those still to come.

As Emerson so aptly put it,
'This time, like all times
is a very good one
if we but know what to do with it.'

So will it be
for all generations to come.

For tomorrow is
the shadow of our todays . . .
and today is
a memory in the making.

Forever more . . . there is only one . . .
once upon a time. . . .

It's Good to Remember
A nostalgic glimpse into the past
from the turn of the century to the 1950's

by
Elizabeth Taft Murphy

Reunion Fundraisers


SILENT AUCTION

A silent auction is as simple as it sounds.* Items donated by family members are placed on a designated table. Each item is assigned a #, and the Donor fills out the appropriate information on a separate Bid Sheet for each item donated.

The appropriate Bid Sheet is placed next to each item with spaces for the name of the bidder and the bid amount. On that form is indicated a minimum bid, as well as preferred bidding increments.

The family members who are interested in bidding on any number of items simply sign their name and indicate their bid amount on the form for each item. The bidder should go back periodically to the items they are interested in to see whether they have been outbid.

As the auction period continues throughout the day, more people sign bid sheets, and the prices increase. Each bidder is to write in a new amount if they are willing to increase their bid, and sign their name on the bid sheet again.

At the end of the day, the highest bidder pays cash to the auctioneer and receives his/her item(s).

Silent Auction Item #_____
DONOR'S INFORMATION
Donor Name:

Ancestor:

Street:

City:

State/Zip:

Email:

Phone:

Fax:

Describe the item you are donating [or better yet, attach a pre-prepared info sheet you did at home that tells about the significance of the item you are donating]:
 
 
 
Recommended Starting Bid: $
Bidding Increments (e.g., 50¢ or $1): $
BIDDERS
Your Name Your Bid
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
WINNING BIDDER'S INFORMATION

Name:

Ancestor:

Street:

City:

State/Zip:

Email:

Phone:

Fax:

Supplies -- stack of Bid Sheets -- stapler & staples -- straight pins -- tape -- ballpoint pens -- cash box w/ small bills & coins (if accepting 25¢ or 50¢ increments) --

Anniversary Names


Anniversaries are often given names to represent their numbers. Some are very common. Some are quite a mouthful. Here are some of the more commonly accepted names.

Year Anniversary Name
2nd Biennial
3rd Triennial
4th Quadrennial
5th Quinquennial
6th Hexennial
7th Septennial
8th Octennial
9th Novennial
10th Decennial
11th Hendecennial
12th Duodecennial
13th Tredecennial
15th Quindecennial
16th Sextodecennial
17th Septendecennial
20th Vigintennial
30th Trigentennial
40th Quadragennial
50th Quinquagenary or Jubilee
60th Sexagennial
70th Septuagennial
75th Septuagesiquintennial
80th Octogintennial
90th Nonagintennial
100th Centennial
125th Quasquicentennial
150th Sesquicentennial
175th Septaquintaquinquecentennial
200th Bicentennial
225th Quasquibicentennial
250th Semiquincentennial
300th Tercentennial
350th Semiseptcentennial
400th Quatercentenary
500th Quincentennial
600th Sexcentennial
700th Septcentennial
800th Octocentennial
1,000th Millenial
15,000th Quindecimillenial


How many ancestors to you have!?!

BeNotForgot.com :: # of Ancestors

 

Gen. #

You & Your Ancestors

You have this

# of each

&

Their Ahnentafel* #s

*Table of Ancestors

 
       

Begin with

End with

1 You 1   1 1
2 Your parents 2   2 3
3 Your grandparents 4   4 7
4 Your great grandparents 8   8 15
5 great great grandparents 16   16 31
6 3rd great grandparents 32   32 63
7 4th great grandparents 64   64 127
8 5th great grandparents 128   128 255
9 6th great grandparents 256   256 511
10 7th great grandparents 512   512 1,023
1 + 3 zeroes = one thousand
11 8th great grandparents 1,024   1,024 2,047
12 9th great grandparents 2,048   2,048 4,095
13 10th great grandparents 4,096   4,096 8,191
14 11th great grandparents 8,192   8,192 16,383
15 12th great grandparents 16,384   16,384 32,767
16 13th great grandparents 32,768   32,768 65,535
17 14th great grandparents 65,536   65,536 131,071
18 15th great grandparents 131,072   131,072 262,143
19 16th great grandparents 262,144   262,144 524,287
20 17th great grandparents 524,288   524,288 1,048,575
1 + 6 zeroes = one million
21 18th great grandparents 1,048,576   1,048,576 2,097,151
22 19th great grandparents 2,097,152   2,097,152 4,194,303
23 20th great grandparents 4,194,304   4,194,304 8,388,607
24 21st great grandparents 8,388,608   8,388,608 16,777,215
25 22nd great grandparents 16,777,216   16,777,216 33,554,431
26 23rd great grandparents 33,554,432   33,554,432 67,108,863
27 24th great grandparents 67,108,864   67,108,864 134,217,727
28 25th great grandparents 134,217,728   134,217,728 268,435,455
29 26th great grandparents 268,435,456   268,435,456 536,870,911
30 27th great grandparents 536,870,912   536,870,912 1,073,741,823
1 + 9 zeroes = one billion
31 28th great grandparents 1,073,741,824   1,073,741,824 2,147,483,647
32 29th great grandparents 2,147,483,648   2,147,483,648 4,294,967,295
33 30th great grandparents 4,294,967,296   4,294,967,296 8,589,934,591
34 31st great grandparents 8,589,934,592   8,589,934,592 17,179,869,183
35 32nd great grandparents 17,179,869,184   17,179,869,184 34,359,738,367
36 33rd great grandparents 34,359,738,368   34,359,738,368 68,719,476,735
37 34th great grandparents 68,719,476,736   68,719,476,736 137,438,953,471
38 35th great grandparents 137,438,953,472   137,438,953,472 274,877,906,943
39 36th great grandparents 274,877,906,944   274,877,906,944 549,755,813,887
40 37th great grandparents 549,755,813,888   549,755,813,888 1,099,511,627,775
1 + 12 zeroes = one trillion
41 38th great grandparents 1,099,511,627,776   1,099,511,627,776 2,199,023,255,551
42 39th great grandparents 2,199,023,255,552   2,199,023,255,552 4,398,046,511,103
43 40th great grandparents 4,398,046,511,104   4,398,046,511,104 8,796,093,022,207
44 41st great grandparents 8,796,093,022,208   8,796,093,022,208 17,592,186,044,415
45 42nd great grandparents 17,592,186,044,416   17,592,186,044,416 35,184,372,088,831
46 43rd great grandparents 35,184,372,088,832   35,184,372,088,832 70,368,744,177,663
47 44th great grandparents 70,368,744,177,664   70,368,744,177,664 140,737,488,355,327
           
That last number is read as :: 140 trillion 737 billion 488 million 355 thousand 327
1 + 15 zeroes = one quadrillion . . .

In our family tree there is at least one unverified ancestor in the 51st generation.

That is Clovis, born before 509 A.D.

 

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

WIKI :: List of people of the Salem witch trials



ACCUSERS



{Joseph Pope}



"Afflicted"
  • Elizabeth "Betty" Parris – daughter of the Reverend Samuel Parris
  • Abigail Williams – cousin of Betty Parris
  • Mercy Lewis – servant of Thomas Putnam and former servant of George Burroughs
  • Ann Putnam, Jr. – daughter of Thomas Putnam and Ann Putnam, Sr.
  • Elizabeth "Betty" Hubbard – servant of physician William Griggs
  • Mary Walcott
  • Susannah Sheldon
  • Mary Warren
  • Elizabeth Booth
  • Henry Kinne
  • Bathsheba(Besheba) Folger Pope - Sister of Abiah Folger Franklin wife of Josiah Franklin, parents of James and Benjamin Franklin

Others
  • Sarah Bibber
  • Ezekiel Cheever – son of schoolmaster and author Ezekiel Cheever
  • Jessica Titus
  • Ann Putnam (née Carr), Sr.
  • Thomas Putnam
  • Benjamin Abbot
  • Nathaniel Ingersoll
  • Sarah Rist (née Clarke) – resident of Redding and wife of Nicholas Rist; arrested at the same time as John Alden, Jr. and released at the end of the trials per the orders of William Phips, Governor of Massachusetts

Physician who diagnosed "bewitchment"
  • William Griggs – relative and employer of Elizabeth Hubbard




FOUND OR PLED GUILTY


Convicted and executed

  • Bridget Bishop (executed June 10, 1692)
  • Rebecca Nurse (née Towne) (July 19, 1692)
  • Sarah Good (formerly Sarah Poole, née Solart) (July 19, 1692)
  • Elizabeth Howe (née Jackson) (July 19, 1692) – wife of Thomas Howe
  • Susannah Martin (née North) (July 19, 1692)
  • George Burroughs (August 19, 1692)
  • George Jacobs, Sr. (August 19, 1692)
  • Wynda Gibson (August 19,1692)
  • John Proctor (August 19, 1692) – husband of Elizabeth Proctor
  • Martha Carrier (née Ingalls) Executed August 19, 1692
  • John Willard (August 19, 1692)
  • Martha Corey (September 22, 1692) – wife of Giles Corey
  • Mary Eastey (née Towne) (September 22, 1692)
  • Mary Parker (née Ayer) (September 22, 1692)
  • Kester Darrow (September 22, 1692) - husband of Roslyn (née Scott) Darrow
  • Ann Pudeator (September 22, 1692)
  • Wilmot Redd (September 22, 1692)
  • Samuel Wardwell, Sr. (September 22, 1692)

Convicted and died in prison

  • Ann Foster

Convicted but escaped
  • Mary Bradbury (née Perkins)
  • Roslyn (née Scott) Darrow wife of Kestter Darrow and mother of Tavie Darrow


Pardoned


Convicted and pardoned

  • Elizabeth Proctor (née Bassett), who was pregnant – wife of John Proctor
  • Abigail Faulkner (née Dane), Sr., who was pregnant
  • Dorcas Hoar

Pled guilty and pardoned

  • Mary Lacey (née Foster), Sr. – daughter of Ann Foster






NOT FOUND GUILTY

Refused to plea
  • Giles Corey – pressed to death (September 19, 1692) through the use of peine forte et dure

Died in custody
  • Lydia Dustin – found not guilty but died in custody

Found not guilty
  • Abigail Barker (née Wheeler)
  • Mary Barker
  • William Barker, Jr.
  • Mary Bridges, Jr.
  • Mary Bridges (née Tyler), Sr.
  • Sarah Bridges
  • Sarah Buckley (née Smith)
  • Sarah Cole (née Aslebee)
  • Lydia Dustin – died in custody after trial
  • Sarah Dustin
  • Eunice Frye (née Potter)
  • Sarah Hawkes, Jr.
  • Margaret Jacobs
  • Rebecca Jacobs (née Andrews)
  • Elizabeth Johnson (née Dane), Sr.
  • Julie Kildunne
  • Mary Lacey, Jr. – daughter of Mary Lacey, Sr. and granddaughter of Ann Foster
  • Mary Marston (née Osgood)
  • Hannah Post
  • Susannah Post
  • Susanna Rootes – either released or found not guilty; died at age 78 in 1692
  • Mary Toothaker (née Allen)
  • Hannah Tyler
  • Mary Tyler (née Lovett)
  • Mercy Wardwell
  • Mary Witheridge (née Buckley)


Released on bond

  • Dorothy Good – also known as Dorcas Good; daughter of Sarah Good
  • Sarah Carrier
  • Thomas Carrier, Jr.
  • Dorothy Faulkner
  • Abigail Faulkner, Jr.
  • Sarah Wilson (née Lord)
  • Frances Hutchins (née Alcock)
  • Margaret Prince
  • Elizabeth Dicer
  • Mary Rowe
  • Abigail Rowe


Escaped

  • John Alden, Jr.
  • Edward Bishop, Jr.
  • Sarah Bishop (née Wilds)
  • William Barker, Sr.
  • Roslyn (née Scott) Darrow (wife of Kestter Darrow) and mother of (Tavie Darrow)
  • Edward Farrington
  • Andrew Carrier
  • Katherine Cary (née Schneider)
  • Phillip English
  • Mary English (née Hollingsworth)




NOT TRIED

Born in prison
  • John Proctor III – infant son of John Proctor and Elizabeth Proctor, born in prison on January 27, 1693 during Elizabeth's stay of execution
  • Mercy Good – infant daughter of Sarah Good, born and died in prison some time prior to Sarah's execution
  • Tavie Darrow - infant daughter of Roslyn (Scott) Darrow and Kestter Darrow, born in prison on March 3, 1692
Died in prison
  • Mercy Good
  • Sarah Osborne (née Warren) — died in prison (May 10, 1692) before she could be tried
  • Roger Toothaker – died before trial (June 16, 1692) probably due to torture or maltreatment
  • At least nine or ten others


Indicted by grand jury

  • Stephen Johnson
  • William Barker, Sr.
  • Edward Farrington
  • Jacob Boswell
  • Elizabeth Hutchinson Hart (released after 7 months in jail after son Thomas petitions on her behalf)


Not indicted

  • William Proctor
  • Sarah Cloyse (née Towne)
  • Phillip English
  • Katerina Biss
  • Mary English (née Hollingsworth)
  • Tituba
  • Thomas Farrer, Sr. – spent 7 months in Boston jail before being released
  • Harry Boswell


Evaded arrest

  • George Jacobs, Jr.
  • Daniel Andrew

Named, but no arrest warrant issued

  • Anne Bradstreet (née Wood)
  • Dudley Bradstreet
  • John Bradstreet
  • John Busse – minister in Wells, Maine
  • Francis Dane – minister in Andover, Massachusetts
  • Sarah Hale (née Noyes) – wife of Rev. John Hale, minister in Beverly, Massachusetts
  • James Howe – husband of Elizabeth Howe
  • Hezekiah Usher
  • Mary Phips (née Spencer) – wife of Massachusetts Governor William Phips
  • Sarah Swift (née Clapp)
  • Margaret Thatcher (née Webb) – mother-in-law of magistrate Jonathan Corwin




COURT PERSONNEL


Magistrates

Court of Oyer and Terminer, 1692

  • William Stoughton, Chief Magistrate
  • John Richards
  • Nathaniel Saltonstall
  • Waitstill Winthrop
  • Bartholomew Gedney
  • Samuel Sewall
  • John Hathorne
  • Jonathan Corwin
  • Peter Sergeant


Justices

Superior Court of Judicature, 1693


  • William Stoughton, Chief Justice
  • Thomas Danforth
  • John Richards
  • Waitstill Winthrop
  • Samuel Sewall

Jurors

The list of jurors who served in the trial of Rebecca Nurse does not include other jurors who served in prior and subsequent trials.

Trial of Rebecca Nurse
  • Captain Thomas Fisk, Sr., jury foreman
  • John Bacheler
  • John Dane
  • Andrew Eliot
  • Joseph Evelith
  • Captain Thomas Fisk, Jr.
  • William Fisk
  • Henry Herrick, Jr.
  • John Peabody
  • Thomas Pearly, Sr.
  • Thomas Perkins



PUBLIC FIGURES
  • William Phips – Governor of Massachusetts
  • Thomas Brattle
  • Robert Calef
Clergy
  • Cotton Mather, of Boston, Massachusetts
  • Increase Mather, of Boston, Massachusetts
  • John Hale, of Beverly, Massachusetts
  • Nicholas Noyes, of Salem
  • Samuel Parris, of Salem Village – father of Betty Parris and uncle of Abigail Williams
  • Francis Dane, of Andover, Massachusetts
  • Samuel Willard, of Groton, Massachusetts, and Boston, Massachusetts


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